MSC # 13 – Short Division
About sixty years ago, I learned the “long” division method from my teachers at the San Roque (now Manuel Roxas) Elementary School in Cavite City. I often wondered why this is called as such when we were not taught the “short” division procedure.
However, during times when I have no calculator or pen and paper, I was forced to divide by merely looking at the figures. So when I was writing lessons for MATH-Inic, I described my “one-line” division method.
It was only about three years ago, when I was viewing one of the video lessons from The Great Courses’ “The Secrets of Mental Math” by Prof. Arthur T. Benjamin that I learned than my “one-line” method really is the “short” division method.
This “short” division works well with small divisors.
It follows the same procedure as the long division except that most of the solution is not written. With a little practice, one can just look at the figures and announce the answer without need of pencil and paper.
Compare this traditional solution to our accompanying illustration:
The common procedure is to:
- Divide 10, the first two digits of dividend, by 7 to get 1, the first figure of the quotient.
- Multiply 1 by 7 to get 7 and this is written below 10.
- Subtract 7 from 10 to get 3
- Bring down 9 so that the next dividend will be 39.
- Repeat steps 1 to 4 until there is no digit in the dividend that can be brought down. The difference in the last subtraction is the remainder in the division.
In our short division technique, we do not have to show the division-multiplication-subtraction cycle which we can easily compute mentally. We just have to use the remainder as a prefix to the next figure in the dividend.
If we try dividing the same number, 10 972 by 6, we can immediately see the 6 goes into 10 once so we can announce the answer as One thousand …
With the remainder 4 our next dividend is 49 and we know that 6 goes into 49 8 times. We continue to say, Eight Hundred…
Our next dividend is 17 and there are two 6s and a remainder of 5 in 17 so we say Twenty ..
Our last dividend is 52. 6 goes into 52 eight times with a remainder of 4. We can then finish off with Eight remainder four.
